Chronotype dan Resiliensi Atlet: Menghadapi Kelelahan Menjalani Proses Pelatihan
Keywords:
Chronotype, Resiliensi Psikologis, Kelelahan, Atlet, Pola Tidur
Abstract
Atlet sering menghadapi tantangan dalam menjaga performa optimal akibat kelelahan yang berkepanjangan, terutama ketika jadwal latihan dan kompetisi tidak mempertimbangkan ritme biologis mereka. Chronotype, yaitu kecenderungan individu terhadap pola tidur dan aktivitas harian, berperan penting dalam menentukan ketahanan psikologis atlet. Resiliensi psikologis dapat menjadi faktor protektif dalam menghadapi kelelahan yang berkaitan dengan chronotype. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara chronotype dan resiliensi psikologis atlet dalam menghadapi kelelahan selama proses pelatihan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Subjek penelitian adalah 19 mahasiswa Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia yang merupakan atlet aktif dari berbagai cabang olahraga. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) untuk mengukur chronotype dan Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) untuk menilai tingkat resiliensi psikologis atlet. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji korelasi menggunakan SPSS versi 29. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara chronotype dengan resiliensi atlet dalam menghadappi kelelahan menjalani proses pelatihan. Chronotype memiliki peran penting dalam menentukan resiliensi psikologis atlet dalam menghadapi kelelahan. Pemahaman mengenai chronotype dapat membantu pelatih dan atlet dalam menyusun strategi latihan yang lebih sesuai guna meningkatkan performa dan ketahanan mental atlet. Sehingga kami menyarankan agar pelatih dan tim pendukung atlet mempertimbangkan faktor chronotype dalam merancang jadwal latihan dan istirahat. Selain itu, diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk menggali interaksi antara chronotype, pola tidur, dan strategi pemulihan atlet secara lebih mendalam.
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Hrozanova, M., Klöckner, C. A., Sandbakk, O., Pallesen, S., & Moen, F. (2020). Reciprocal Associations Between Sleep, Mental Strain, and Training Load in Junior Endurance Athletes and the Role of Poor Subjective Sleep Quality. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(October), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.545581
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Lastella, M., Miller, D. J., Quilelli, M., Roberts, S., Aisbett, B., & Condo, D. (2021). The Impact of Chronotype on the Sleep and Training Responses of Elite Female Australian Footballers. Clocks and Sleep, 3(4), 528–535. https://doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep3040037
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Mulyati, E. S., Auralia, N., Satria, P., & Qolbi, R. M. (2023). Pengaruh Pola Tidur Tidak Teratur Terhadap Performa. Journal Olahraga ReKat (Rekreasi Masyarakat), 2(2), 1–6.
Poon, K., Ho, M. S. H., Tai, A. P. L., Leung, M. K., Chan, M. C. M., & Lau, W. K. W. (2024). Mediating roles of sleep quality and resilience in the relationships between chronotypes and mental health symptoms. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-56688-w
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Sudarwati, L., Ramayuda, K. R., Paranoan, A., Aryanti, N. E., Faizal, A., Wahyudi, A., & Irwansyah, R. (2023). Profil Psikologi Atlet Pelatihan Nasional (Pelatnas) Finswimming Indonesia Untuk Sea Games Kamboja 2023. Jurnal Ilmiah Sport Coaching and Education. https://doi.org/10.21009/jsce.07209
Uslu, E., Özdemir, H. Ç., & Peşkirci, T. (2024). The relationship between chronotype and mental toughness in adolescents: Is resilience a mediator? Archives de Pediatrie : Organe Officiel de La Societe Francaise de Pediatrie, 31(7), 446–450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcped.2024.06.001
Walker, W. H., Walton, J. C., DeVries, A. C., & Nelson, R. J. (2020). Circadian rhythm disruption and mental health. Translational Psychiatry, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-0694-0
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Zhang, D., Lyu, B., Wu, J., Li, W., & Zhang, K. (2023). Effect of boxers’ social support on mental fatigue: Chain mediating effects of coach leadership behaviors and psychological resilience. Work, 76(4), 1465–1479. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-220478
Agustine, T. C., & Borualogo, I. S. (2021). Pengaruh Distres Psikologis terhadap Resiliensi pada Anak dan Remaja saat Pandemi Covid-19. https://doi.org/10.29313/.V0I0.28309
Ahmad, A., & Muslimah, M. (2021). Memahami teknik pengolahan dan analisis data kualitatif. Proceedings of Palangka Raya International and National Conference on Islamic Studies (PINCIS), 1(1).
Al Abbad, M., Nuhmani, S., Ahsan, M., & Muaidi, Q. (2023). Chronotype and athletes’ performance in sports: A narrative review. Electronic Journal of General Medicine, 20(4). https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/13084
Alfonsi, V., Gorgoni, M., Scarpelli, S., Zivi, P., Sdoia, S., Mari, E., Fraschetti, A., Ferlazzo, F., Giannini, A. M., & De Gennaro, L. (2021). COVID-19 lockdown and poor sleep quality: Not the whole story. Journal of Sleep Research, 30(5), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.13368
Arora, T., Grey, I., Östlundh, L., Alamoodi, A., Omar, O. M., Hubert Lam, K. B., & Grandner, M. (2022). A systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the relationship between sleep duration/quality, mental toughness and resilience amongst healthy individuals. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 62, 101593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101593
Azumar, A., & Kusmawati, A. (2022). Resiliensi Atlet Berprestasi Yang Mengalami Cedera Berat (Studi Atlet Tapak Suci Cabang 14 Jakarta Selatan). Journal of Social Work and Social Services, 3(1), 31–40.
Chattarjee, P., Srividya, A., Suresh, T., & Babu, P. (2023). Adaptation of Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) in Bengali Language. International Tinnitus Journal, 27(2), 113–118. https://doi.org/10.5935/0946-5448.20230018
Ciorciari, A., Mulè, A., Castelli, L., Galasso, L., Esposito, F., Roveda, E., & Montaruli, A. (2023). Sleep and chronotype influence aerobic performance in young soccer players. Frontiers in Physiology, 14(May), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1190956
Dharmeswari, M. P. R., Hardika, I., & Ayuningtias, A. U. H. (2023). Hubungan Resiliensi dan Burnout syndrome pada Perawat Rumah Sakit Umum Bali Royal. Jurnal Kesehatan, Sains, Dan Teknologi (Jakasakti). https://doi.org/10.36002/js.v1i2.2334
Eto, T., Nishimura, Y., Ikeda, H., Kubo, T., Adan, A., & Kitamura, S. (2024). The Japanese version of the reduced morningness-eveningness questionnaire. Chronobiology International, 41(4), 561–566. https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2024.2334048
Harris, M. A., Brett, C. E., Johnson, W., & Deary, I. J. (2016). Personality stability from age 14 to age 77 years. Psychology and Aging, 31(8), 862–874. https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000133
Hrozanova, M., Klöckner, C. A., Sandbakk, O., Pallesen, S., & Moen, F. (2020). Reciprocal Associations Between Sleep, Mental Strain, and Training Load in Junior Endurance Athletes and the Role of Poor Subjective Sleep Quality. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(October), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.545581
İlbak, İ., & Açak, M. (2024). Investigation of sleep quality and mental toughness levels of young soccer players in terms of chronotypes. Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences, 34(106), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.6843
Lastella, M., Miller, D. J., Quilelli, M., Roberts, S., Aisbett, B., & Condo, D. (2021). The Impact of Chronotype on the Sleep and Training Responses of Elite Female Australian Footballers. Clocks and Sleep, 3(4), 528–535. https://doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep3040037
Lim, S. T., Kim, D. Y., Kwon, H. T., & Lee, E. (2021). Sleep quality and athletic performance according to chronotype. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 13(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-020-00228-2
Logue, C. (2024). Investigating the correlation of fatigue and cross country athlete performance.
McGinnis, G. R., Thompson, S. T., Aguilar, C. D., Dial, M. B., Tandy, R. D., & Radzak, K. N. (2022). Chronotype and Social Jetlag Influence Performance and Injury during Reserve Officers’ Training Corps Physical Training. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(20). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013644
Mulyati, E. S., Auralia, N., Satria, P., & Qolbi, R. M. (2023). Pengaruh Pola Tidur Tidak Teratur Terhadap Performa. Journal Olahraga ReKat (Rekreasi Masyarakat), 2(2), 1–6.
Poon, K., Ho, M. S. H., Tai, A. P. L., Leung, M. K., Chan, M. C. M., & Lau, W. K. W. (2024). Mediating roles of sleep quality and resilience in the relationships between chronotypes and mental health symptoms. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-56688-w
Purnamasari, I., & Novian, G. (2021). Tingkat Kepercayaan Diri dan Kecemasan Atlet PPLP Jawa Barat selama Menjalani Training From Home (TFH) pada Masa Adaptasi Kebiasaan Baru (AKB). Jurnal Patriot, 3(2), 203–213. https://doi.org/10.24036/patriot.v3i2.784
Ratrin, A. F., Wilson, W., & Ilmiawan, M. I. (2021). Hubungan antara chronotype dengan tingkat gejala depresi pada mahasiswa kedokteran tingkat pertama di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Tanjungpura. Jurnal Cerebellum, 6(3), 66. https://doi.org/10.26418/jc.v6i3.45311
Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., & Bernard, J. (2008). The brief resilience scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15(3), 194–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705500802222972
Sudarwati, L., Ramayuda, K. R., Paranoan, A., Aryanti, N. E., Faizal, A., Wahyudi, A., & Irwansyah, R. (2023). Profil Psikologi Atlet Pelatihan Nasional (Pelatnas) Finswimming Indonesia Untuk Sea Games Kamboja 2023. Jurnal Ilmiah Sport Coaching and Education. https://doi.org/10.21009/jsce.07209
Uslu, E., Özdemir, H. Ç., & Peşkirci, T. (2024). The relationship between chronotype and mental toughness in adolescents: Is resilience a mediator? Archives de Pediatrie : Organe Officiel de La Societe Francaise de Pediatrie, 31(7), 446–450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcped.2024.06.001
Walker, W. H., Walton, J. C., DeVries, A. C., & Nelson, R. J. (2020). Circadian rhythm disruption and mental health. Translational Psychiatry, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-0694-0
Walsh, N. P., Halson, S. L., Sargent, C., Roach, G. D., Nédélec, M., Gupta, L., Leeder, J., Fullagar, H. H., Coutts, A. J., Edwards, B. J., Pullinger, S. A., Robertson, C. M., Burniston, J. G., Lastella, M., Le Meur, Y., Hausswirth, C., Bender, A. M., Grandner, M. A., & Samuels, C. H. (2020). Sleep and the athlete: narrative review and 2021 expert consensus recommendations. British Journal of Sports Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102025
Wijaya, H. (2020). Pengaruh Metode Latihan Self Talk Terhadap Efikasi Diri Dan Performa Atlet Tae Kwon Do Ktorugi. https://consensus.app/papers/pengaruh-metode-latihan-self-talk-terhadap-efikasi-diri-wijaya/31e8a7b7f00e5988a43c19372052b622/
Wills, C., Ghani, S., Tubbs, A., Fernandez, F., Athey, A., Turner, R., Robbins, R., Patterson, F., Warlick, C., Alfonso-Miller, P., Killgore, W., & Grandner, M. (2021). Chronotype and social support among student athletes: impact on depressive symptoms. Chronobiology International, 38, 1319–1329. https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2021.1927072
Zhang, D., Lyu, B., Wu, J., Li, W., & Zhang, K. (2023). Effect of boxers’ social support on mental fatigue: Chain mediating effects of coach leadership behaviors and psychological resilience. Work, 76(4), 1465–1479. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-220478
Published
2025-05-19
How to Cite
Pago, W. R., Komarudin, K., Saputra, M. Y., & Novian, G. (2025). Chronotype dan Resiliensi Atlet: Menghadapi Kelelahan Menjalani Proses Pelatihan. Jurnal Saintifik (Multi Science Journal), 23(2), 151–158. https://doi.org/10.58222/js.v23i2.421
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